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''The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness'' is a book written by Stephen R. Covey, published in 2004.〔original ISBN 0-684-84665-9〕 It is an upgrade of ''The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People'', first published in 1989. As such, it clarifies and reinforces Covey's earlier declaration that "Interdependence is a higher value than independence." ;8 - Find your voice and inspire others to find theirs: ''The eighth habit is'' ''"Find your voice and inspire others to find theirs."'' Voice is Covey's code for "unique personal significance." Those who inspire others to find theirs are the leaders needed now and for the future, according to Covey. The central idea of the book is the need for steady recovery and application of the whole person paradigm, which holds that persons have four intelligences - physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual. Denial of any of them reduces persons to things, inviting many problems. The industrial age is assumed to have been a period dependent on such denial. Covey believed the information age and a foreseen "Age of Wisdom" require "whole" people (in whole jobs). Some versions of the book come with a DVD, although all the short films on this DVD can be viewed via Covey's website.〔http://www.the8thHabit.com/offers〕 The book is divided into two sections, with the first few chapters focusing on finding your voice, while the later chapters are about inspiring others to find their voice. Most of the chapters in the book include a section discussing one of the 'stories' from the DVD, which are intended to illustrate the theme of the chapter (for example the story of Helen Keller and another about the Berlin Wall). The book talks of "5 Cancerous Behaviors" (page 135) that inhibit people's greatness: * Criticism * Complaining * Comparing * Competing * Contending People can discover their voice because of the three gifts everyone is born with: #The freedom to choose #The natural laws or principles – those that dictate the consequences of behavior. Positive consequences come from fairness, kindness, respect, honesty, integrity, service and contribution #The four intelligences – mental, physical, emotional and spiritual. Covey talks about great achievers expressing their voice through the use of their intelligences. Achievers for example *develop their mental energy into vision *develop their physical energy into discipline *develop their emotional energy into passion *develop their spiritual energy into conscience – their inward moral sense of what is right and wrong and their drive towards meaning and contribution.〔 〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The 8th Habit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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